本(ben)文介紹近年國內外常用(yong)的(de)電(dian)磁流量計在線(xian)檢(jian)驗方法(fa)，其在線(xian)的(de)檢(jian)驗規范需要得到(dao)國家(jia)技術監(jian)督部門和各相(xiang)關行業協會對(dui)的(de)認可電(dian)磁流量計在應用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)精度保證一直是(shi)用(yong)戶所關心的(de)熱點問題。

    在過去，電磁(ci)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)的(de)校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)必需(xu)送(song)到(dao)(dao)專門的(de)標定校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)上進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢查。但是(shi)，隨著電磁(ci)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)制造(zao)技術的(de)發展(zhan)和(he)應(ying)用行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)擴展(zhan)，電磁(ci)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)的(de)使用越來越多、口(kou)徑越來越大，送(song)回校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)裝置上校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)難度(du)也越來越大。特(te)別是(shi)在給(gei)水行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)，由于應(ying)用管(guan)徑大和(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)特(te)點(dian)，要(yao)做到(dao)(dao)斷流(liu)取表(biao)(biao)外送(song)校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)，操作(zuo)起來難度(du)很(hen)大，既費時又費力，甚至根(gen)本無(wu)法(fa)拆下(xia)來。但是(shi)，各企業(ye)根(gen)據(ju)ISO9001質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理體系(xi)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，作(zuo)為(wei)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀表(biao)(biao)的(de)電磁(ci)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)，需(xu)要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)定期檢驗(yan)(yan)。為(wei)此，電磁(ci)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)的(de)應(ying)用者和(he)制造(zao)商一直都在苦(ku)苦(ku)尋(xun)求(qiu)一種在線的(de)電磁(ci)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)檢驗(yan)(yan)方法(fa)，來替代(dai)傳統的(de)離線校(xiao)(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)方法(fa)。

    近年國內外常用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁流(liu)量(liang)計在(zai)線檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：大口徑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁流(liu)量(liang)儀在(zai)線校驗(yan)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)上世紀90年代，上海水務系統開(kai)始摸(mo)索(suo)在(zai)線檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查和驗(yan)證(zheng)，他們用(yong)的模擬信號器檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測轉(zhuan)換(huan)器，傳感器檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查則(ze)以測試電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極接液電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查勵磁線圈包括勵磁連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和銅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以及(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查轉(zhuan)換(huan)器輸出(chu)的勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，核對磁場強度等間(jian)接方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。在(zai)有(you)停流(liu)條件的管線，從預設在(zai)傳感器附近入孔進入，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和襯里污穢、沉積狀況(kuang)并清洗。

    上(shang)海(hai)自(zi)來(lai)水公(gong)(gong)司和(he)原(yuan)水公(gong)(gong)司在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造廠配合下，探索(suo)并積累了(le)(le)300余臺大口徑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)檢(jian)查經驗(yan)，并于(yu)1997～1998年間起草了(le)(le)《大口徑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)在線(xian)(xian)(xian)校(xiao)驗(yan)方法(fa)》，在上(shang)海(hai)市公(gong)(gong)用(yong)事業管理局(ju)(ju)所屬(shu)企業試(shi)行(xing)。現在上(shang)海(hai)水務(wu)局(ju)(ju)正在此(ci)文件的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)制(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)在線(xian)(xian)(xian)校(xiao)驗(yan)規范(fan)》地方行(xing)業性(xing)標準。同樣的(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)在一些文獻中也提及到(dao)，如東京都水道局(ju)(ju)和(he)日本(ben)三(san)菱化學工業的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)現場檢(jian)驗(yan)方法(fa)。在線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)校(xiao)驗(yan)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)GS9電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)在歐洲的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)zui多(duo)，其在線(xian)(xian)(xian)檢(jian)驗(yan)技(ji)術(shu)也zui成熟，一些主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造商基于(yu)上(shang)述(shu)方法(fa)還開發出(chu)了(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)在線(xian)(xian)(xian)檢(jian)測儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)，如KROHNE的(de)(de)(de)GS9在線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)校(xiao)驗(yan)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。該儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)作為一套全面檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)傳感器(qi)和(he)轉換器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)驗(yan)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，其檢(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)包含了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極信號(hao)、模擬流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)、現場勵(li)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)頻率輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等，并對數(shu)據加(jia)以(yi)記(ji)錄，還可傳送到(dao)PC機。

    檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)過程GS9的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方(fang)法十分簡單(dan)，只要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)標識和(he)流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)進行連(lian)接(jie)（即插(cha)即用(yong)），然后啟動(dong)(dong)自動(dong)(dong)校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，數(shu)據(ju)會存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)在內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)中（70臺儀表），隨后可將數(shu)據(ju)傳送到計(ji)算(suan)機上(shang)進行處理。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)儀自動(dong)(dong)載入儀表的(de)(de)(de)(de)GK、量(liang)程、口徑、勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)設置，并(bing)開始對(dui)勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行測(ce)量(liang)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)線圈(quan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻（短(duan)路或者開路）、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)兩測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極信號和(he)對(dui)轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、頻(pin)率(lv)輸出檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。對(dui)轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同部(bu)件件給(gei)出“Pass”或“fail”診(zhen)斷(duan)并(bing)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)整個校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程。整個過程校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)均經自動(dong)(dong)控制(zhi)通過RS232通訊(xun)口將校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)數(shu)據(ju)上(shang)傳到計(ji)算(suan)機。溯源性GS9直接(jie)可以溯源到KROHNE的(de)(de)(de)(de)zui的(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)儀（GS100）和(he)（荷(he)蘭計(ji)量(liang)測(ce)試研(yan)究(jiu)院NMI），傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確(que)定度0.03%，GS9的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)不(bu)確(que)定度0.09%。在現場或儀表室通過RS232將GS9和(he)PC相連(lian)，完(wan)成上(shang)述(shu)在線檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)或診(zhen)斷(duan)儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法雖然不(bu)用(yong)將管線流(liu)量(liang)停流(liu)后再對(dui)流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)進行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)，但仍需要(yao)外界(jie)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)幫(bang)助才能完(wan)成整個檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)過程。因此開發自帶(dai)診(zhen)斷(duan)和(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)是當前流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)研(yan)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)。

    一種(zhong)具有自(zi)診斷功能的電磁流量(liang)計(ji)IFC300IFC300是基(ji)于上述原因而(er)開(kai)發(fa)出的一種(zhong)能自(zi)行檢驗的電磁流量(liang)計(ji)。

    在IFC300中集成了上(shang)(shang)面(mian)所介紹的在線(xian)校(xiao)驗儀(yi)的所有功能。當(dang)使用(yong)者(zhe)需要(yao)對流量計(ji)進行檢定(ding)的時(shi)候，只(zhi)要(yao)通過HART或總(zong)線(xian)接口即(ji)可將檢驗結果從計(ji)算機上(shang)(shang)打印出來。

    這種新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)按照(zhao)VDI-NAMUR-WIB2650導(dao)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)。這一(yi)(yi)型號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)和(he)常(chang)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)相比(bi)增加了許多在(zai)(zai)(zai)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)診(zhen)斷功(gong)能，如(ru)：＊關于(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)過程(cheng)（電(dian)導(dao)率，線圈(quan)溫度(du)(du)，液(ye)體中(zhong)所(suo)含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體，流(liu)(liu)態）；＊關于(yu)(yu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境（轉換(huan)(huan)器(qi)溫度(du)(du)，外部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)場和(he)安裝條件）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)線校驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)廣(guang)仍需(xu)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間和(he)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)認(ren)可(ke)電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)線檢驗方(fang)法(fa)(fa)從(cong)誕生到(dao)(dao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)趨(qu)成熟，但(dan)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)各行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)推(tui)廣(guang)還需(xu)要(yao)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間。其zui大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)作為計(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀表，其在(zai)(zai)(zai)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢驗規范(fan)需(xu)要(yao)得到(dao)(dao)國(guo)家(jia)技術(shu)監(jian)督部門(men)和(he)各相關行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke)。而上面所(suo)談到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案、設備要(yao)想得到(dao)(dao)全(quan)國(guo)范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke)，必須要(yao)由電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造商(shang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)者和(he)國(guo)家(jia)相關部門(men)共同合(he)作才能進行(xing)(xing)。我們欣喜地看到(dao)(dao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)較廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上海(hai)水務(wu)系統，行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶組織聯合(he)技術(shu)監(jian)督和(he)制造商(shang)完成了大(da)口徑電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)線檢查(cha)和(he)驗證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)性法(fa)(fa)規，并且貫徹實施。我們期盼會有更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)和(he)制造商(shang)能夠加入到(dao)(dao)這一(yi)(yi)技術(shu)方(fang)案中(zhong)，從(cong)而使廣(guang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)者做到(dao)(dao)有章可(ke)循。